Present tense

Present Tenses in English

tense (noun): a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in relation to the time of speaking. ORIGIN Latin tempus "time"
The concept of tense in English is a method that we use to refer to time - past, present and future. Many languages use tense to talk about time. Other languages have no concept of tense at all, but of course they can still talk about time, using different methods.
So, we talk about time in English with tense. But, and this is a very big but:
we can also talk about time without using tense (for example, going to is a special construction to talk about the future, it is not a tense)
one tense does not always talk about one time (for example, we can use the present tense, or even the past tense, to talk about the future - see tense and time for more about this)
We cannot talk of tenses without considering two components of many English tenses: time and aspect. In simple terms...
Time expresses:
past - before now
present - now, or any time that includes now
future - after now
Aspect can be:
progressive - uncompleted action
perfective - completed action or state

                   My Biography
I am Aula. My full name is Aula mukarramah. I am a student of IAIN Palangka Raya. Iam 18 years old. My birthday is first of november, 2000.

In my family, I am the first child. I have a younger sister named Aula ikrimah. My mother is from South Borneo and My father is from Central Borneo. We live in Palangka raya, Central Borneo.

My hobbies are modern and ethnic dance, cooking something delicious, and i like trevelling.

My family and I love pets. We have some cats, Rabbit, and fish at home. Aula ikrimah loves cats but I love rabbit.

There are :
1.Simple Present Tense
This tenses are used to denote something that is fixed, habitual or an essential truth. Because it is often related to the incident at about past, present and future, this at least has the Tenses description for a certain time.
Time signal : Usually, generally, habitually, as a rule, normally, every day, every week, every month, every year, every morning, and today.
Formula:
» Verbal sentence form
(+)S + V1 (s/es) + O/C
(-)S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C
(?)Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example:
(+)Aula buys book every week.
(-)Aula does not buy book every week.
(?)Does Aula buy book every week?Yes, she does. / No, she does not.
» Nominal sentence form
(+)S+ is,am,are + 3C
(-)S+ is,am,are + not + 3C
(?) is,am,are + S + 3C? Yes, S + is,am,are . No, S + is, am, are + not
(?-)isn't,aren't + S + 3C?
is,am,are + S + not + 3C?
Example:
(+) Aula is student
(-) Aula is not student
(?) is Aula student? Yes, Aula is student. No, Aula is not.
(?-) isn't Aula student?

2.Present Continuous Tense
This tenses are used to express an action which is actually being done at this time.
Time signal : Now, right now, at present, at the moment, today, still, this morning, this afternoon, this evening, tonight, next week, next month, this weekend, soon, in a few weeks, this morning, this afternoon, look!, listen!, hear.
Formula:
» Verbal sentence form
(+)S + be(is, am, are) + V1 + ing + O/C
(-)S + be(is, am, are)  + not + V1 + ing + O/C
(?)Be(is, am, are) + S + V1 + ing + O/C
Example:
(+)Aula is playing hago now
(-)Aula is not playing hago now
(?)Is Aula playing hago now?Yes, she is. / No, she is not.
» Nominal sentence form
same as the nominal sentence form of Simple Present tenses


3.Present Perfect Tense
This tenses are used to express your experience. This sentence can used to say that you have never had a certain experience. Present Perfect Tense didn’t use to describe specific event.
Time signal :
1. Time duration of result : just, just now, already, and yet.
2. Time duration of process : This morning, this week, this month, this year, this century, finally, at last, as yet, so far, until now, up to now, up to the present time, twice, three times, never, lately, ever ( for negative and interrogative), several times, many times, ever since, recently, Not...yet, all day/night/week, all the time, all my life, since ( since yesterday, since 1990, since an hour ago), For ( for an hour, for two years)
Formula:
» Verbal sentence form
(+)S + has/have + V3 + O/C
(-)S + has/have + not + V3 + O/C
(?)Have/has + S + V3 + O/C
Example:
(+)Aula has eaten the bakso already.
(-)Aula has not eaten the bakso already.
(?)Has Aula eaten the bakso already?Yes, she has. / No, she has not.
» Nominal sentence form
(+) S + have,has + been +3C
(-) S + have,has + not +been + 3C
(?) Have, has + S + been + 3C ? Yes, S + have, has. No, S + have, has + not
(?-) haven't,hasn't + S + been + 3C ?
have,has + S + not + been + 3C ?
Example:
(+) Aula has been from Dubai
(-) Aula has not been from Dubai
(?) Has Aula been from Dubai ? Yes, Aula Has. No, Aula has not
(?-) Hasn't Aula been from Dubai ?


4.Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. ”for two hours’, ‘for two weeks’, ‘since yesterday’ are all durations which can be used with this sentence. Without the durations, the tense has a more general meaning of “lately.” We often use the words “lately” or “recently” to emphasize this meaning.
Time signal :
1. Time duration of process : Since and for
2. So far, every since, all day, the whole day, all (the) morning, lately, recently, long, how long.
Formula:
» Verbal sentence form
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O/C
(-)S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + O/C
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O/C
Example:
(+) Aula has been waiting  for an hours.
(-) Aula has not been waiting for an hours.
(?) Has Aula been waiting for an hours?Yes, she has. / No, she has not.
» Nominal sentence form
same as the nominal sentence form of Present Perfect tenses